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Reference and value semantics

What is value and/or reference semantics, and which is best in C++?
What is "virtual data," and how can I/why would I use it in C++?
What's the difference between virtual data and dynamic data?
Should I normally use pointers to freestore allocated objects for my data members, or should I use "composition"?
What are relative costs of the 3x performance hits associated with allocating member objects from the freestore?
Are "inline virtual" member fns ever actually "inlined"?
Sounds like I should never use reference semantics, right?
Does the poor performance of ref semantics mean I should pass-by-value?